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- $Unique_ID{BRK03848}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hyperthermia}
- $Subject{Hyperthermia Heat Stress Heat-Related Illness Malignant Hyperthermia
- Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 728:
- Hyperthermia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Hyperthermia) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Heat Stress
- Heat-Related Illness
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- Heat Exhaustion
- Heat Stroke
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Hyperthermia, though not rare, can be a serious health condition. Left
- untreated it may become life-threatening. Hyperthermia occurs when the body
- is extremely overheated. It is most common in older persons during the
- summer months. Major symptoms include headache, nausea, and fatigue.
- Without treatment the body may be unable to return to the proper temperature
- of 98.6 F and heat exhaustion or heat stroke may occur. (See related disorder
- section for information on these conditions).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Hyperthermia occurs when an overheated body is unable to reduce body
- temperature to a normal 98.6 degrees F. This usually occurs during the heat
- of summer, but may be triggered by other health problems or certain
- medications. symptoms include headache, nausea, fatigue, muscle cramps,
- thirst and profuse sweating. The skin may feel cold and clammy. Without
- appropriate and prompt treatment to cool the body, Hyperthermia may progress
- to more complicated conditions.
-
- Causes
-
- Hyperthermia is caused by heat. Hot summer weather, being out in the sun for
- too long a period of time, excessive exercise in the heat, over extended
- stays in a hot tub or sauna, or being in an overcrowded or overheated room
- without adequate ventilation can cause Hyperthermia. Certain medications
- (particularly diuretics), alcoholic beverages, certain medical conditions and
- being overdressed in hot weather also causes Hyperthermia. The inability to
- perspire sufficiently, high blood pressure or poor blood circulation may play
- an important role in susceptibility to Hyperthermia.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Hyperthermia affects males and females in equal numbers. It is common in
- people over fifty years of age, those confined to nursing homes, and people
- with other medical problems. Younger, healthy persons are rarely affected.
- Infants can also be affected by the heat since they cannot communicate their
- needs to others.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following disorders may be associated with Hyperthermia.
-
- Malignant Hyperthermia is a genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal
- response to certain anesthesia drugs. The patient normally shows no symptoms
- of discomfort or illness in every day life. However anesthesia given for
- surgery, such as halothane or cyclopropane, or muscle relaxants such as
- succinylcholine, causes a life threatening high fever that can rise as high
- as 110 degrees F. Muscle rigidity and/or twitching may also occur. The
- patient may also exhibit a very rapid and irregular heartbeat, abnormally low
- blood pressure, sickly sweet breath, headache, nausea and vomiting. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Malignant Hyperthermia" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Heat Exhaustion is caused by dehydration and loss of mineral salts from
- the body due to heat stress usually of three or more days duration. It is
- often seen in the elderly who are unaware of excessive water loss or are
- unable to replenish lost fluids. Symptoms of heat exhaustion resulting from
- fluid loss include intense thirst, fatigue, weakness, anxiety, and impaired
- judgment. There may also be dehydration, rapid breathing (hyperventilation),
- and behavioral abnormalities. Elderly people taking diuretic drugs for
- hypertension are particularly prone to heat exhaustion.
-
- Heat Stroke is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate
- treatment. It occurs mainly in the poor, the elderly, the chronically ill,
- alcoholics and patients with heart disease. Hot, humid weather usually
- precedes this type of illness. Symptoms include a body temperature of 104 F
- or above, central nervous system dysfunction, confusion, bizarre behavior,
- faintness, and eventually coma. There may also be a rapid pulse, extreme
- drop in blood pressure, and hot, dry, flushed skin. Heat Stroke may be
- complicated by hemorrhage, jaundice, kidney failure, brain damage, peripheral
- neuropathy, or heart and lung damage. Survival depends on rapid reduction of
- body temperature usually in a hospital.
-
- Illness involving dysfunction of the sweat glands, can be found in the
- Rare Disease Database by typing "Hyperhidrosis" as your search term.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Hyperthermia consists of cooling the body. Cool showers, use of
- fans or air conditioners, drinking plenty of fluids (excluding those that
- contain caffeine or alcohol) helps maintain the correct body temperature.
- Cool, slightly salty fluids may help restore body salts lost during sweating.
- People prone to Hyperthermia should avoid being in the sun, wearing heavy
- clothing in hot, humid weather and staying out of overcrowded and
- under-ventilated environments.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hyperthermia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute on Aging
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-1752
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: Wyngaarden and Smith, et al., eds.;
- W.B. Saunders, 1988, Pp. 1950, 2382-2385.
-
- HYPERTHERMIA A HOT WEATHER HAZARD FOR OLDER PEOPLE, U.S. Department of
- Health and Human Services, National Institute on Aging, U.S. Publication No.
- 89-2763, August, 1989.
-
-